He mea kemika ka Helium me ka hōʻailona He a me ka helu atomika 2. He kinoea lewa kakaikahi ia, ʻaʻohe kala, ʻono ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻono, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, ʻaʻole hiki ke lapalapa, hoʻoheheʻe iki wale ʻia i ka wai. ʻO ka nui o ka Helium i ka lewa he 5.24 x 10-4 ma ka pakeneka leo. Loaʻa iā ia nā kiko paila a me nā kiko heheʻe haʻahaʻa loa o kekahi mea, a noho wale nō ma ke ʻano he kinoea, koe wale nō ma lalo o nā kūlana anuanu loa.

Hoʻoili nui ʻia ka Helium ma ke ʻano he helium kinoea a wai paha a hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā reactors nukelea, semiconductors, lasers, kukui uila, superconductivity, instrumentation, semiconductors a me fiber optics, cryogenic, MRI a me ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua R&D.

Ke Kumu Anu Haʻahaʻa

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Helium ma ke ʻano he coolant cryogenic no nā kumu hoʻoluʻu cryogenic, e like me ke kiʻi magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ka spectroscopy magnetic resonance nuclear (NMR), ka superconducting quantum particle accelerator, ka large hadron collider, interferometer (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) a me ka superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), nā mea hana MHD superconducting, superconducting sensor, power transmission, maglev transportation, mass spectrometer, superconducting magnet, strong magnetic field separators, annular field superconducting magnets for fusion reactors a me nā noiʻi cryogenic ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaʻalili ka Helium i nā mea superconducting cryogenic a me nā magnets a kokoke i ka zero absolute, ma ia manawa e hāʻule koke ai ke kū'ē o ka superconductor i ka zero. ʻO ke kū'ē haʻahaʻa loa o kahi superconductor e hana i kahi kahua magnetic ikaika aʻe. I ke ʻano o nā lako MRI i hoʻohana ʻia i nā haukapila, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kahua magnetic i nā kikoʻī i nā kiʻi radiographic.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Helium ma ke ʻano he super coolant no ka mea ʻo ka helium ka mea haʻahaʻa loa i ka heheʻe a me ka paila ʻana, ʻaʻole paʻa i ke kaomi lewa a me 0 K, a he inert kemika ka helium, e aneane hiki ʻole ai ke hana me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, lilo ka helium i superfluid ma lalo o 2.2 Kelvin. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ka ultra-mobility kū hoʻokahi i kekahi noi ʻoihana. Ma nā mahana ma lalo o 17 Kelvin, ʻaʻohe mea pani no ka helium ma ke ʻano he refrigerant i loko o ke kumu cryogenic.

Aeronautics a me Astronautics

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Helium i loko o nā baluna a me nā moku ea. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka helium ma mua o ka ea, ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā moku ea a me nā baluna me ka helium. Loaʻa i ka Helium ka pono o ka hiki ʻole ke lapalapa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lana o ka hydrogen a he haʻahaʻa ka wikiwiki o ka pakele ʻana mai ka membrane. ʻO kekahi hoʻohana lua ma ka ʻenehana rocket, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka helium ma ke ʻano he mea pohō e hoʻoneʻe i ka wahie a me ka oxidizer i loko o nā pahu mālama a hoʻopili i ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen e hana i ka wahie rocket. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e wehe i ka wahie a me ka oxidizer mai nā lako kākoʻo honua ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻomaʻalili mua i ka hydrogen wai i loko o ka mokulele. I loko o ka rocket Saturn V i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka papahana Apollo, ma kahi o 370,000 mika cubic (13 miliona kapuaʻi cubic) o ka helium e pono ai e hoʻokuʻu.

Ka ʻIke ʻana i ka Leaka o ka Paipu a me ka Nānā ʻana i ka ʻIke ʻana

ʻO kekahi hoʻohana ʻoihana o ka helium ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i ka leak. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka leak e ʻike i nā leaks i loko o nā ʻōnaehana i loaʻa nā wai a me nā kinoea. No ka mea, ʻekolu manawa wikiwiki ka helium ma waena o nā mea paʻa ma mua o ka ea, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kinoea tracer e ʻike i nā leaks i loko o nā lako vacuum kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā pahu cryogenic) a me nā ipu kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea i loko o kahi keʻena, a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka helium. ʻOiai ma nā helu leaka haʻahaʻa e like me 10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka helium e pakele ana ma o ka leak e kahi mea koʻikoʻi (he spectrometer nui helium). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana ana a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka hoʻāʻo hoʻohui helium. ʻO kekahi ʻano maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka mea i nīnau ʻia me ka helium a ʻimi lima i nā leaks me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea paʻa lima.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Helium no ka ʻike ʻana i ka leaka no ka mea ʻo ia ka mole liʻiliʻi loa a he mole monatomic, no laila e leaka maʻalahi ka helium. Hoʻopiha ʻia ke kinoea Helium i loko o ka mea i ka wā o ka ʻike ʻana i ka leaka, a inā loaʻa kahi leaka, hiki i ka spectrometer mass helium ke ʻike i kahi o ka leaka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Helium e ʻike i nā leaka i loko o nā rockets, nā pahu wahie, nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā laina kinoea, nā mea uila, nā paipu TELEVISION a me nā ʻāpana hana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka leaka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka helium i ka wā o ka papahana Manhattan e ʻike i nā leaka ma nā hale hana hoʻonui uranium. Hiki ke pani ʻia ka helium ʻike leaka me ka hydrogen, nitrogen, a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka hydrogen a me ka nitrogen.

Kuʻihao a me ka Hana Metala

Hoʻohana ʻia ke kinoea Helium ma ke ʻano he kinoea pale i ka wili ʻana o ke arc a me ka wili ʻana o ke arc plasma ma muli o kona ikehu ionization kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā ʻātoma ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kinoea Helium a puni ka wili e pale aku i ka metala mai ka oxidizing i ke kūlana heheʻe. ʻO ka ikehu ionization kiʻekiʻe o ka helium e ʻae i ka wili ʻana o ke arc plasma o nā metala like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, ka hana moku, a me ka aerospace, e like me ka titanium, zirconium, magnesium, a me nā mea hoʻohui alumini. ʻOiai hiki ke pani ʻia ka helium i loko o ke kinoea pale e ka argon a i ʻole ka hydrogen, ʻaʻole hiki ke pani ʻia kekahi mau mea (e like me ka titanium helium) no ka wili ʻana o ke arc plasma. No ka mea, ʻo ka helium wale nō ke kinoea palekana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO kekahi o nā wahi hana nui loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe kila kila. He kinoea inert ka Helium, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hana i kekahi hopena kemika ke hōʻike ʻia i nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea nui loa kēia ʻano i nā kinoea pale hoʻoheheʻe.

Hoʻokele maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka Helium i ka wela. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai i nā wiliwili kahi e pono ai ka hoʻokomo wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka wiliwili. He mea pono nō hoʻi ka Helium no ka wikiwiki.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka Helium me ka argon ma nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ka hui kinoea pale e hoʻohana pono ai i nā waiwai maikaʻi o nā kinoea ʻelua. ʻO ka Helium, no ka laʻana, hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kinoea pale e kōkua i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano komo ākea a pāpaʻu i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Akā, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka helium i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e like me ka argon.

ʻO ka hopena, manaʻo pinepine nā mea hana metala i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka argon me ka helium ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kā lākou hana. No ka wili hao pale kinoea, hiki i ka helium ke loaʻa he 25% a 75% o ka hui kinoea i loko o ka hui helium/argon. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana o ka hui kinoea pale, hiki i ka mea wili ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻolaha wela o ka wili, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana kea o ka metala wili a me ka wikiwiki o ka wili.

ʻOihana Semiconductor Uila

Ma ke ʻano he kinoea inert, paʻa loa ka helium a ʻaʻole hiki ke pane me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia waiwai e hoʻohana ʻia ai ia ma ke ʻano he pale i ka wili ʻana o ke arc (e pale aku i ka haumia o ka oxygen i ka lewa). Loaʻa iā Helium nā hoʻohana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me nā semiconductors a me ka hana ʻana o nā fiber optical. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke pani i ka naikokene i ka luʻu hohonu e pale aku i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā pehu naikokene i loko o ke koko, a pēlā e pale aku ai i ka maʻi luʻu.

Ka nui o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka Helium honua (2016-2027)

Ua hōʻea ka mākeke helium honua i $1825.37 miliona iā mākou i ka makahiki 2020 a ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea i US $2742.04 miliona i ka makahiki 2027, me ka nui o ka ulu makahiki hui (CAGR) o 5.65% (2021-2027). He nui ka kānalua o ka ʻoihana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻikepili wānana no 2021-2027 ma kēia pepa ma ka hoʻomohala mōʻaukala o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, nā manaʻo o nā loea ʻoihana a me nā manaʻo o nā loiloi ma kēia pepa.

Ua nui ka ʻoihana helium, i loaʻa mai nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, a he palena wale nō nā mea hana honua, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Rusia, Qatar a me Algeria. Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua nui ka ʻāpana mea kūʻai aku ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kina, a me ʻEulopa a pēlā aku. He mōʻaukala lōʻihi ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a he kūlana paʻa ʻole i ka ʻoihana.

He nui nā ʻoihana he nui nā hale hana, akā ʻaʻole lākou kokoke i kā lākou mākeke mea kūʻai aku. No laila, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka lawe ʻana i ka huahana.

Mai nā makahiki ʻelima mua, ua lohi loa ka ulu ʻana o ka hana ʻana. He kumu ikehu hou ʻole ka Helium, a ua kau ʻia nā kulekele ma nā ʻāina hana e hōʻoia i kona hoʻohana mau ʻia. Ua wānana kekahi e pau ka helium i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

He nui ka hapa o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai a me nā mea i hoʻokuʻu aku i kēia ʻoihana. Hoʻohana ka aneane āpau i ka helium, akā he kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe i mālama ʻia ka helium.

He nui nā ʻano hoʻohana o ka Helium a e loaʻa ana ia ma nā wahi he nui aʻe. Ma muli o ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, e piʻi aʻe ana ke koi no ka helium i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e koi ana i nā koho ʻē aʻe kūpono. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai Helium mai 2021 a i 2026, mai $13.53 / m3 (2020) a i $19.09 / m3 (2027).

Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻoihana e ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ke kulekele. I ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua, nui ka poʻe e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana kaiapuni, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, e piʻi aʻe ke koi no ka helium.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana nui o ka honua e komo pū ana me Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) a me Gazprom (Ru), a pēlā aku. I ka makahiki 2020, e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā mea hana Top 6 ma mua o 74%. Manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻokūkū ma ka ʻoihana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Nā Lako Hana Cryogenic HL

Ma muli o ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai helium wai a me ke kumukūʻai e piʻi nei, he mea nui e hōʻemi i ka nalowale a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka helium wai i kona hoʻohana ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana lawe.

ʻO HL Cryogenic Equipment, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1992, he hōʻailona ia e pili ana iā HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. Ua kūpaʻa ʻo HL Cryogenic Equipment i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o ka High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System a me nā lako kākoʻo e pili ana e hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole o nā mea kūʻai aku. Hana ʻia ka Vacuum Insulated Pipe a me ka Flexible Hose i loko o nā mea insulated kūikawā he nui ka vacuum a me nā papa he nui, a hele i loko o kahi moʻo o nā hana loea koʻikoʻi loa a me ka hana vacuum kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka oxygen wai, ka naikokene wai, ka argon wai, ka hydrogen wai, ka helium wai, ke kinoea ethylene liquefied LEG a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe liquefied LNG.

ʻO nā huahana huahana o ka Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, a me Phase Separator ma HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, i hala i loko o kahi moʻo o nā hana loea koʻikoʻi loa, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka oxygen wai, ka nitrogen wai, ka argon wai, ka hydrogen wai, ka helium wai, LEG a me LNG, a ua lawelawe ʻia kēia mau huahana no nā lako cryogenic (e like me nā pahu cryogenic, dewars a me nā coldboxes etc.) ma nā ʻoihana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ea, nā kinoea, nā mokulele, nā mea uila, superconductor, chips, automation assembly, food & beverage, pharmacy, hospital, biobank, rubber, new material manufacturing chemical engineering, hao & kila, a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema etc.

Ua lilo ʻo HL Cryogenic Equipment Company i mea hoʻolako/kūʻai aku kūpono o Linde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, a me Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) a pēlā aku.