ʻO ʻEulopa i kēia manawa ka wahi hana nui loa o ka honua o ka ʻōnaehana cluster epitomized, a hoʻokuʻu aku i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, kahi i lawe nui ʻia mai e nā mea lawe mai, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā mea hana me ka hiki ke hana, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka huahana a pono koke e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka waiwai o ka huahana e hopu i ka mākeke. I ka manawa like, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka semiconductor a me ka ʻoihana mea, ua kau ka mea kūʻai aku i nā koi maikaʻi a me nā ʻōkuhi loea kiʻekiʻe e like me ke noiʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻōnaehana epitaxy beam molecular o nā lako hana, a ke lilo nei ka loli o ke kikoʻī i mea like ʻole. Pono ka ʻoihana ʻōnaehana epitaxial beam molecular e hoʻomaikaʻi ikaika i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, no laila e hoʻolilo ana i kāna huahana i mea hoihoi.

ʻO nā mea hana ʻōnaehana coepitaxial molekala nui ma ka mākeke e komo pū ana me ʻAmelika veecoc, riber a me Finland dca, a ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau o nā huahana fastipron molekala he mau huahana hou aʻe, e like me veeco, riber a me sienta omicron, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka mea hana ʻōnaehana epitaxial beam molekala laser e komo pū ana me Iapana pascaly, Netherlands TSST, a pēlā aku. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana epitaxial beam molekala maʻamau ka mākeke kūʻai nui, ʻo ka māhele mākeke ma kahi o 73%, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana epitaxial beam molekala laser ma muli o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka polyelement, kiʻekiʻe ke kiko heheʻe a me ka hoʻonohonoho papa paʻakikī.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana epitaxy beam molecular i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka semiconductor a me nā mea kumu. ʻO ka mea kūʻai nui o ka ʻōnaehana epitaxy cluster he ʻāina me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha, e like me ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana a me Kina, nona ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 pakeneka o ka mākeke o ka honua. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻonui mālie nā ʻāina e ulu ana e like me India, Asia Hikina Hema a me nā makahiki i hala iho nei i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i nā kahua noiʻi kumu, a e loaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka hiki ke kūʻai aku.
ʻO ka laha honua o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua a me ka semiconductor, he mea paʻakikī ke hōʻoia i ka hiki o ka ʻoihana a me ka mākeke ma lalo, kahi i alakaʻi ai i kahi pilikia i ka hana ʻana o ka hui o nā microexpanses, e like me ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki, no laila pono ka ʻoihana e mālama i ke kahe kālā kūpono e kū ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau. ʻOiai aia nā pilikia o ke kaiapuni waho a me ka hoʻokūkū ʻoihana, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he manaʻolana hoʻomohala nō ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana panakō, a e hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā o ka ʻoihana.