ʻO ʻEulopa i kēia manawa ka wahi hana nui loa o ka hui epitomized ʻōnaehana, a hoʻokuʻu aku i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, ka mea i lawe ʻia mai e ka lawe ʻana mai, ʻoiai aia kekahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana me ka hiki ke hana, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka huahana a koi wikiwiki. e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka waiwai o ka huahana e hopu i ka mākeke. I ka manawa like, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka semiconductor a me ka ʻoihana waiwai, ua hāʻawi ka mea kūʻai aku i nā koi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā hōʻailona ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka noiʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻōnaehana molecular beam epitaxy o nā lako hana, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kikoʻī e lilo i mea hou aʻe. ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa. Pono ka ʻoihana molecular beam epitaxial system e hoʻomaikaʻi ikaika i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a laila e hoʻonani i kāna huahana.

ʻO nā mea hana nui molecular coepitaxial system ma ka mākeke ʻo ʻAmelika veecoc, riber a me Finland dca, a ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau o nā huahana molecular fastipron ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana, e like me veeco, riber a me sienta omicron, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Japan pascaly, ka Netherlands TSST, etc. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana epitaxial molecular beam maʻamau ka mākeke kūʻai nui, ʻo ka mākeke ma kahi o 73%, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana epitaxial molecular beam ma muli o ke kiʻi kūpono ka ulu ʻana o ka polyelement, kahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻolālā papa paʻakikī.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōnaehana epitaxy molecular beam i ka noiʻi o semiconductor a me nā mea kumu. ʻO ka mea kūʻai nui o ka ʻōnaehana epitaxy cluster he ʻāina me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha loa, e like me ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana a me Kina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 80 pakeneka o ka mākeke honua. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā ʻāina kūkulu e like me India, ʻAsia Hikina Hema a me nā makahiki ʻē aʻe i hala iho nei ua hoʻonui mālie i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ma nā kahua noiʻi kumu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hoʻolaha honua o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokele honua a me ka semiconductor, he mea paʻakikī ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hiki o ka ʻoihana a me ka mākeke o lalo, kahi i alakaʻi ai i kekahi pilikia i ka hana ʻana o ka hui. microexpanses, e like me ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki, no laila pono ka ʻoihana e mālama i ke kahe kālā e hoʻokō ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻOiai aia nā pilikia hoʻokūkū o waho a me ka hoʻokūkū ʻoihana, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou he manaʻo hoʻomohala ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana panakō, a e hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻoihana.